There are currently several types of medication that are prescribed for phobias. Here is a look at the most commonly prescribed medications.
SSRIs
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs, work by affecting the level of serotonin in the brain. Serotonin is a naturally produced chemical that is believed to affect mood. SSRIs change the level of serotonin to control the mood. For this reason, they are often prescribed for depression, but research has shown them to be effective in treating anxiety, including some phobias.
Commonly prescribed SSRIs include Celexa (citalopram), Zoloft (sertraline), Prozac (fluoxetine), Paxil (paroxetine) and Lexapro (escitalopram).
MAOIs
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors inhibit the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which breaks down certain neurotransmitters in the brain. These medications are also antidepressants, but work well against certain phobias.
Commonly prescribed MAOIs include Nardil (phenelzine) and Parnate (tranylcypromine).
Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines are mild sedatives that are commonly used to treat anxiety. They can be effective against phobias by reducing the level of associated anxiety.
Commonly prescribed benzodiazepines include Valium (diazepam), Xanax (alprazolam), Klonopin (clonazepam) and Ativan (lorazepam).
Beta Blockers
Beta blockers work by suppressing the effects of epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, in the body. Some of the associated physical effects of high adrenaline, such as sweating and palpitations, are also blocked.
Some beta blockers can be used for short-term phobia relief. The most common usage is for those who suffer from social phobia but must give a speech. This use is still fairly controversial, but can be effective in some instances.
Side Effects and Warnings
No medication can be considered absolutely safe in all circumstances. The above-listed medications, as any drug, may carry a risk of side effects. It is important to review your medications with your doctor.
To maintain your health and safety, be honest with your doctor about any drinking or recreational drug use. Also let him or her know of any other prescription or over the counter medications that you take. If you have multiple doctors, keep each one up to date.
You can look up detailed information on your medication in the About Drug Finder. Also read all medication inserts and always contact your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions or concerns.
Source:Phobias: Treatment. Mayo Clinic. February 13, 2008. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/phobias/DS00272/DSECTION=7
